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# The following four lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's CMakeLists
# in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
# "Trim" the build. Include the minimal set of components, main, and anything it depends on.
idf_build_set_property(MINIMAL_BUILD ON)
project(mqtt_websocket)

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| Supported Targets | ESP32 | ESP32-C2 | ESP32-C3 | ESP32-C5 | ESP32-C6 | ESP32-C61 | ESP32-H2 | ESP32-P4 | ESP32-S2 | ESP32-S3 |
| ----------------- | ----- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
# ESP-MQTT MQTT over Websocket
(See the README.md file in the upper level 'examples' directory for more information about examples.)
This example connects to the broker mqtt.eclipseprojects.io over web sockets as a demonstration subscribes/unsubscribes and send a message on certain topic.
(Please note that the public broker is maintained by the community so may not be always available, for details please see this [disclaimer](https://iot.eclipse.org/getting-started/#sandboxes))
It uses ESP-MQTT library which implements mqtt client to connect to mqtt broker.
## How to use example
### Hardware Required
This example can be executed on any ESP32 board, the only required interface is WiFi and connection to internet.
### Configure the project
* Open the project configuration menu (`idf.py menuconfig`)
* Configure Wi-Fi or Ethernet under "Example Connection Configuration" menu. See "Establishing Wi-Fi or Ethernet Connection" section in [examples/protocols/README.md](../../README.md) for more details.
### Build and Flash
Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:
```
idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
```
(To exit the serial monitor, type ``Ctrl-]``.)
See the Getting Started Guide for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.
## Example Output
```
I (3714) event: sta ip: 192.168.0.139, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.0.2
I (3714) system_api: Base MAC address is not set, read default base MAC address from BLK0 of EFUSE
I (3964) MQTT_CLIENT: Sending MQTT CONNECT message, type: 1, id: 0000
I (4164) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED
I (4174) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: sent publish successful, msg_id=41464
I (4174) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: sent subscribe successful, msg_id=17886
I (4174) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: sent subscribe successful, msg_id=42970
I (4184) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: sent unsubscribe successful, msg_id=50241
I (4314) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED, msg_id=41464
I (4484) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED, msg_id=17886
I (4484) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: sent publish successful, msg_id=0
I (4684) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED, msg_id=42970
I (4684) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: sent publish successful, msg_id=0
I (4884) MQTT_CLIENT: deliver_publish, message_length_read=19, message_length=19
I (4884) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: MQTT_EVENT_DATA
TOPIC=/topic/qos0
DATA=data
I (5194) MQTT_CLIENT: deliver_publish, message_length_read=19, message_length=19
I (5194) MQTTWS_EXAMPLE: MQTT_EVENT_DATA
TOPIC=/topic/qos0
DATA=data
```

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idf_component_register(SRCS "app_main.c"
PRIV_REQUIRES mqtt esp_wifi nvs_flash
INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

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menu "Example Configuration"
config BROKER_URI
string "Broker URL"
default "ws://mqtt.eclipseprojects.io:80/mqtt"
help
URL of an mqtt broker which this example connects to.
endmenu

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/* MQTT over Websockets Example
This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "esp_netif.h"
#include "protocol_examples_common.h"
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/semphr.h"
#include "freertos/queue.h"
#include "lwip/sockets.h"
#include "lwip/dns.h"
#include "lwip/netdb.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "mqtt_client.h"
static const char *TAG = "mqttws_example";
static void log_error_if_nonzero(const char *message, int error_code)
{
if (error_code != 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Last error %s: 0x%x", message, error_code);
}
}
/*
* @brief Event handler registered to receive MQTT events
*
* This function is called by the MQTT client event loop.
*
* @param handler_args user data registered to the event.
* @param base Event base for the handler(always MQTT Base in this example).
* @param event_id The id for the received event.
* @param event_data The data for the event, esp_mqtt_event_handle_t.
*/
static void mqtt_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
{
ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event dispatched from event loop base=%s, event_id=%" PRIi32, base, event_id);
esp_mqtt_event_handle_t event = event_data;
esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client = event->client;
int msg_id;
switch ((esp_mqtt_event_id_t)event_id) {
case MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED");
msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_publish(client, "/topic/qos1", "data_3", 0, 1, 0);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent publish successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_subscribe(client, "/topic/qos0", 0);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent subscribe successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_subscribe(client, "/topic/qos1", 1);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent subscribe successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_unsubscribe(client, "/topic/qos1");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent unsubscribe successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED");
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED, msg_id=%d, return code=0x%02x ", event->msg_id, (uint8_t)*event->data);
msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_publish(client, "/topic/qos0", "data", 0, 0, 0);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent publish successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_DATA:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DATA");
printf("TOPIC=%.*s\r\n", event->topic_len, event->topic);
printf("DATA=%.*s\r\n", event->data_len, event->data);
break;
case MQTT_EVENT_ERROR:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_ERROR");
if (event->error_handle->error_type == MQTT_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from esp-tls", event->error_handle->esp_tls_last_esp_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from tls stack", event->error_handle->esp_tls_stack_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("captured as transport's socket errno", event->error_handle->esp_transport_sock_errno);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Last errno string (%s)", strerror(event->error_handle->esp_transport_sock_errno));
}
break;
default:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Other event id:%d", event->event_id);
break;
}
}
static void mqtt_app_start(void)
{
const esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_cfg = {
.broker.address.uri = CONFIG_BROKER_URI,
};
esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_cfg);
/* The last argument may be used to pass data to the event handler, in this example mqtt_event_handler */
esp_mqtt_client_register_event(client, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, mqtt_event_handler, NULL);
esp_mqtt_client_start(client);
}
void app_main(void)
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Startup..");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Free memory: %" PRIu32 " bytes", esp_get_free_heap_size());
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] IDF version: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
esp_log_level_set("*", ESP_LOG_INFO);
esp_log_level_set("mqtt_client", ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
esp_log_level_set("mqtt_example", ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
esp_log_level_set("transport_base", ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
esp_log_level_set("transport_ws", ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
esp_log_level_set("transport", ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
esp_log_level_set("outbox", ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_init());
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
/* This helper function configures Wi-Fi or Ethernet, as selected in menuconfig.
* Read "Establishing Wi-Fi or Ethernet Connection" section in
* examples/protocols/README.md for more information about this function.
*/
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(example_connect());
mqtt_app_start();
}

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dependencies:
espressif/mqtt:
version: '*'
protocol_examples_common:
path: ${IDF_PATH}/examples/common_components/protocol_examples_common

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#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
import logging
import os
import re
import sys
from threading import Event
from threading import Thread
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import pytest
from pytest_embedded import Dut
from pytest_embedded_idf.utils import idf_parametrize
event_client_connected = Event()
event_stop_client = Event()
event_client_received_correct = Event()
message_log = ''
# The callback for when the client receives a CONNACK response from the server.
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): # type: (mqtt.Client, tuple, bool, str) -> None
_ = (userdata, flags)
print('Connected with result code ' + str(rc))
event_client_connected.set()
client.subscribe('/topic/qos0')
def mqtt_client_task(client): # type: (mqtt.Client) -> None
while not event_stop_client.is_set():
client.loop()
# The callback for when a PUBLISH message is received from the server.
def on_message(client, userdata, msg): # type: (mqtt.Client, tuple, mqtt.client.MQTTMessage) -> None
_ = userdata
global message_log
payload = msg.payload.decode()
if not event_client_received_correct.is_set() and payload == 'data':
client.publish('/topic/qos0', 'data_to_esp32')
if msg.topic == '/topic/qos0' and payload == 'data':
event_client_received_correct.set()
message_log += 'Received data:' + msg.topic + ' ' + payload + '\n'
@pytest.mark.ethernet
@idf_parametrize('target', ['esp32'], indirect=['target'])
def test_examples_protocol_mqtt_ws(dut): # type: (Dut) -> None
broker_url = ''
broker_port = 0
"""
steps: |
1. join AP and connects to ws broker
2. Test connects a client to the same broker
3. Test evaluates it received correct qos0 message
4. Test ESP32 client received correct qos0 message
"""
# check and log bin size
binary_file = os.path.join(dut.app.binary_path, 'mqtt_websocket.bin')
bin_size = os.path.getsize(binary_file)
logging.info('[Performance][mqtt_websocket_bin_size]: %s KB', bin_size // 1024)
# Look for host:port in sdkconfig
try:
value = re.search(r'\:\/\/([^:]+)\:([0-9]+)', dut.app.sdkconfig.get('BROKER_URI'))
assert value is not None
broker_url = value.group(1)
broker_port = int(value.group(2))
except Exception:
print('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Cannot find broker url in sdkconfig')
raise
client = None
# 1. Test connects to a broker
try:
client = mqtt.Client(transport='websockets')
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
print('Connecting...')
client.connect(broker_url, broker_port, 60)
except Exception:
print(
'ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Unexpected error while connecting to broker {}: {}:'.format(
broker_url, sys.exc_info()[0]
)
)
raise
# Starting a py-client in a separate thread
thread1 = Thread(target=mqtt_client_task, args=(client,))
thread1.start()
try:
print('Connecting py-client to broker {}:{}...'.format(broker_url, broker_port))
if not event_client_connected.wait(timeout=30):
raise ValueError('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Test script cannot connect to broker: {}'.format(broker_url))
try:
ip_address = dut.expect(r'IPv4 address: (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)[^\d]', timeout=30)[0]
print('Connected to AP with IP: {}'.format(ip_address))
except Dut.ExpectTimeout:
print('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Cannot connect to AP')
raise
print('Checking py-client received msg published from esp...')
if not event_client_received_correct.wait(timeout=30):
raise ValueError('Wrong data received, msg log: {}'.format(message_log))
print('Checking esp-client received msg published from py-client...')
dut.expect(r'DATA=data_to_esp32', timeout=30)
finally:
event_stop_client.set()
thread1.join()

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CONFIG_BROKER_URI="ws://${EXAMPLE_MQTT_BROKER_WS}/ws"
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CONNECT_ETHERNET=y
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CONNECT_WIFI=n
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_USE_INTERNAL_ETHERNET=y
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_ETH_PHY_IP101=y
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_ETH_MDC_GPIO=23
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_ETH_MDIO_GPIO=18
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_ETH_PHY_RST_GPIO=5
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_ETH_PHY_ADDR=1
CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CONNECT_IPV6=y
CONFIG_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY=y