refactor(linux): Unified libbsd handling

* Users can now use libbsd string.h and sys/cdefs.h functionality
  (e.g., strlcpy, containerof) on Linux by just including
  string.h or sys/cdefs.h. In other words, the includes are the same
  on the Linux target as well as on chips targets (ESP32, etc.).
* libbsd linking is done by the linux component (belongs to common
  components) now instead of handling it separately in each component

components/linux/linux_include/sys/cdefs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This header file adds the libbsd defines of header cdefs.h.
+ * It also defines __uintptr_t which is still used by older libbsd versions (< 0.11.3)
+ * but not (or not guaranteed to be) defined on Linux.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// We need a define. We can't typedef here since, depending on the include order,
+// uintptr_t may not be defined yet.
+#define __uintptr_t uintptr_t
+
+#include_next <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <bsd/sys/cdefs.h>