test_app: Extend panic app to include memprot-related tests

- Add support for esp32s2, esp32c3 and esp32c2 for the `memprot`-related tests
- Preliminary support for esp32s3 has also been added,
  the test app will be enabled for esp32s3 later when
  the memprot-related issues are fixed.
- Override panic handler to dump the violation intr status
  - Dump the `memprot` violation registers before calling the
    real panic handler
  - Handle `Illegal Instruction` exception in case of memprot permission violation
    * In esp32c3 with `memprot` enabled, if we try to execute arbitrary code
      from RTC_FAST_MEM we get an `Illegal Instruction` exception from the panic
      handler rather than a `Memory Protection Fault`.
    * This is because the Illegal Instruction interrupt occurs earlier than the
      memory protection interrupt due to a higher interrupt latency.

tools/test_apps/system/panic/sdkconfig.ci.memprot_esp32s2

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Restricting to ESP32S2
+CONFIG_IDF_TARGET="esp32s2"
+
+# Enabling memory protection
+CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_MEMPROT_FEATURE=y
+CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_MEMPROT_FEATURE_LOCK=y
+
+# Enabling DCACHE
+CONFIG_ESP32S2_DATA_CACHE_8KB=y
+
+# Enable memprot test
+CONFIG_TEST_MEMPROT=y