fix(newlib): fix __atomic_test_and_set to ensure atomicity

Before the change described in
https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-September/631393.html it
appeared that inlining built-in GCC function __atomic_test_and_set() was
incorrect. It resulted in a non-atomic write.
For GCC toolchains which do not have such patch yet, this commit fixes
__atomic_test_and_set to be atomic in IDF's builds.

components/newlib/platform_include/stdatomic.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+#pragma once
+#include_next "stdatomic.h"
+#ifndef __clang__
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+static inline bool __atomic_test_and_set(volatile void *ptr, int memorder)
+{
+    return __atomic_exchange_1((bool *)ptr, true, memorder);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif