ldgen: implement flags support

Implement support for KEEP, ALIGN, emitting symbols and SORT.
Add appropriate tests
Defines default mapping in linker fragment file

components/esp32/ld/esp32_fragments.lf

@@ -192,3 +192,8 @@ entries:
 [scheme:wifi_slp_rx_iram]
 entries:
     wifi_slp_rx_iram -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)

components/esp32c3/ld/esp32c3_fragments.lf

@@ -157,3 +157,8 @@ entries:
 [scheme:wifi_slp_rx_iram]
 entries:
     wifi_slp_rx_iram -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)

components/esp32s2/ld/esp32s2_fragments.lf

@@ -142,3 +142,8 @@ entries:
 [scheme:wifi_slp_rx_iram]
 entries:
     wifi_slp_rx_iram -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)

components/esp32s3/ld/esp32s3_fragments.lf

@@ -157,3 +157,8 @@ entries:
 [scheme:wifi_slp_rx_iram]
 entries:
     wifi_slp_rx_iram -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)

tools/ldgen/fragments.py

@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@ import abc
 import os
 import re
 from collections import namedtuple
+from enum import Enum
 
-from pyparsing import (Combine, Forward, Group, Literal, OneOrMore, Optional, ParseFatalException, Suppress, Word,
+from entity import Entity
-                       ZeroOrMore, alphanums, alphas, indentedBlock, originalTextFor, restOfLine)
+from pyparsing import (Combine, Forward, Group, Keyword, Literal, OneOrMore, Optional, Or, ParseFatalException,
+                       Suppress, Word, ZeroOrMore, alphanums, alphas, delimitedList, indentedBlock, nums,
+                       originalTextFor, restOfLine)
 from sdkconfig import SDKConfig
 
 KeyGrammar = namedtuple('KeyGrammar', 'grammar min max required')
@@ -267,11 +270,131 @@ class Mapping(Fragment):
     Encapsulates a mapping fragment, which defines what targets the input sections of mappable entties are placed under.
     """
 
-    MAPPING_ALL_OBJECTS = '*'
+    class Flag():
+        PRE_POST = (Optional(Suppress(',') + Suppress('pre').setParseAction(lambda: True).setResultsName('pre')) +
+                    Optional(Suppress(',') + Suppress('post').setParseAction(lambda: True).setResultsName('post')))
+
+    class Emit(Flag):
+
+        def __init__(self, symbol, pre=True, post=True):
+            self.symbol = symbol
+            self.pre = pre
+            self.post = post
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def get_grammar():
+            # emit(symbol [, pre, post])
+            #
+            # __symbol_start, __symbol_end is generated before and after
+            # the corresponding input section description, respectively.
+            grammar = (Keyword('emit').suppress() +
+                       Suppress('(') +
+                       Fragment.IDENTIFIER.setResultsName('symbol') +
+                       Mapping.Flag.PRE_POST +
+                       Suppress(')'))
+
+            def on_parse(tok):
+                if tok.pre == '' and tok.post == '':
+                    res = Mapping.Emit(tok.symbol)
+                elif tok.pre != '' and tok.post == '':
+                    res = Mapping.Emit(tok.symbol, tok.pre, False)
+                elif tok.pre == '' and tok.post != '':
+                    res = Mapping.Emit(tok.symbol, False, tok.post)
+                else:
+                    res = Mapping.Emit(tok.symbol, tok.pre, tok.post)
+                return res
+
+            grammar.setParseAction(on_parse)
+            return grammar
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return (isinstance(other, Mapping.Emit) and
+                    self.symbol == other.symbol and
+                    self.pre == other.pre and
+                    self.post == other.post)
+
+    class Align(Flag):
+
+        def __init__(self, alignment, pre=True, post=False):
+            self.alignment = alignment
+            self.pre = pre
+            self.post = post
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def get_grammar():
+            # align(alignment, [, pre, post])
+            grammar = (Keyword('align').suppress() +
+                       Suppress('(') +
+                       Word(nums).setResultsName('alignment') +
+                       Mapping.Flag.PRE_POST +
+                       Suppress(')'))
+
+            def on_parse(tok):
+                alignment = int(tok.alignment)
+                if tok.pre == '' and tok.post == '':
+                    res = Mapping.Align(alignment)
+                elif tok.pre != '' and tok.post == '':
+                    res = Mapping.Align(alignment, tok.pre)
+                elif tok.pre == '' and tok.post != '':
+                    res = Mapping.Align(alignment, False, tok.post)
+                else:
+                    res = Mapping.Align(alignment, tok.pre, tok.post)
+                return res
+
+            grammar.setParseAction(on_parse)
+            return grammar
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return (isinstance(other, Mapping.Align) and
+                    self.alignment == other.alignment and
+                    self.pre == other.pre and
+                    self.post == other.post)
+
+    class Keep(Flag):
+
+        def __init__(self):
+            pass
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def get_grammar():
+            grammar = Keyword('keep').setParseAction(Mapping.Keep)
+            return grammar
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return isinstance(other, Mapping.Keep)
+
+    class Sort(Flag):
+        class Type(Enum):
+            NAME = 0
+            ALIGNMENT = 1
+            INIT_PRIORITY = 2
+
+        def __init__(self, first, second=None):
+            self.first = first
+            self.second = second
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def get_grammar():
+            # sort(sort_by_first [, sort_by_second])
+            keywords = Keyword('name') | Keyword('alignment') | Keyword('init_priority')
+            grammar = (Keyword('sort').suppress() + Suppress('(') +
+                       keywords.setResultsName('first') +
+                       Optional(Suppress(',') + keywords.setResultsName('second')) + Suppress(')'))
+
+            grammar.setParseAction(lambda tok: Mapping.Sort(tok.first, tok.second if tok.second != '' else None))
+            return grammar
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return (isinstance(other, Mapping.Sort) and
+                    self.first == other.first and
+                    self.second == other.second)
 
     def __init__(self):
         Fragment.__init__(self)
         self.entries = set()
+        # k = (obj, symbol, scheme)
+        # v = list((section, target), Mapping.Flag))
+        self.flags = dict()
         self.deprecated = False
 
     def set_key_value(self, key, parse_results):
@@ -283,40 +406,63 @@ class Mapping(Fragment):
                 symbol = None
                 scheme = None
 
-                try:
+                obj = result['object']
-                    obj = result['object']
-                except KeyError:
-                    pass
 
                 try:
                     symbol = result['symbol']
                 except KeyError:
                     pass
 
-                try:
+                scheme = result['scheme']
-                    scheme = result['scheme']
-                except KeyError:
-                    pass
 
-                self.entries.add((obj, symbol, scheme))
+                mapping = (obj, symbol, scheme)
+                self.entries.add(mapping)
+
+                try:
+                    parsed_flags = result['sections_target_flags']
+                except KeyError:
+                    parsed_flags = []
+
+                if parsed_flags:
+                    entry_flags = []
+                    for pf in parsed_flags:
+                        entry_flags.append((pf.sections, pf.target, list(pf.flags)))
+
+                    try:
+                        existing_flags = self.flags[mapping]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        existing_flags = list()
+                        self.flags[mapping] = existing_flags
+
+                    existing_flags.extend(entry_flags)
 
     def get_key_grammars(self):
         # There are three possible patterns for mapping entries:
         #       obj:symbol (scheme)
         #       obj (scheme)
         #       * (scheme)
+        # Flags can be specified for section->target in the scheme specified, ex:
+        #       obj (scheme); section->target emit(symbol), section2->target2 align(4)
         obj = Fragment.ENTITY.setResultsName('object')
         symbol = Suppress(':') + Fragment.IDENTIFIER.setResultsName('symbol')
         scheme = Suppress('(') + Fragment.IDENTIFIER.setResultsName('scheme') + Suppress(')')
 
-        pattern1 = obj + symbol + scheme
+        # The flags are specified for section->target in the scheme specified
-        pattern2 = obj + scheme
+        sections_target = Scheme.grammars['entries'].grammar
-        pattern3 = Literal(Mapping.MAPPING_ALL_OBJECTS).setResultsName('object') + scheme
 
-        entry = pattern1 | pattern2 | pattern3
+        flag = Or([f.get_grammar() for f in [Mapping.Keep, Mapping.Align, Mapping.Emit, Mapping.Sort]])
+
+        section_target_flags = Group(sections_target + Group(OneOrMore(flag)).setResultsName('flags'))
+
+        pattern1 = obj + symbol
+        pattern2 = obj
+        pattern3 = Literal(Entity.ALL).setResultsName('object')
+
+        entry = ((pattern1 | pattern2 | pattern3) + scheme +
+                 Optional(Suppress(';') + delimitedList(section_target_flags).setResultsName('sections_target_flags')))
 
         grammars = {
-            'archive': KeyGrammar(Fragment.ENTITY.setResultsName('archive'), 1, 1, True),
+            'archive': KeyGrammar(Or([Fragment.ENTITY, Word(Entity.ALL)]).setResultsName('archive'), 1, 1, True),
             'entries': KeyGrammar(entry, 0, None, True)
         }
 
@@ -330,7 +476,6 @@ class DeprecatedMapping():
 
     # Name of the default condition entry
     DEFAULT_CONDITION = 'default'
-    MAPPING_ALL_OBJECTS = '*'
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_fragment_grammar(sdkconfig, fragment_file):
@@ -348,7 +493,7 @@ class DeprecatedMapping():
 
         pattern1 = Group(obj + symbol + scheme)
         pattern2 = Group(obj + scheme)
-        pattern3 = Group(Literal(Mapping.MAPPING_ALL_OBJECTS).setResultsName('object') + scheme)
+        pattern3 = Group(Literal(Entity.ALL).setResultsName('object') + scheme)
 
         mapping_entry = pattern1 | pattern2 | pattern3
 

tools/ldgen/generation.py

@@ -22,72 +22,83 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 from entity import Entity
 from fragments import Mapping, Scheme, Sections
 from ldgen_common import LdGenFailure
-from output_commands import InputSectionDesc
+from output_commands import AlignAtAddress, InputSectionDesc, SymbolAtAddress
 
 
-class RuleNode():
+class Placement():
 
-    class Section():
+    def __init__(self, node, sections, target, flags, explicit, force=False, dryrun=False):
+        self.node = node
+        self.sections = sections
+        self.target = target
+        self.flags = flags
 
-        def __init__(self, target, exclusions, explicit=False):
+        self.exclusions = set()
-            self.target = target
+        self.subplacements = set()
-            self.exclusions = set(exclusions)
 
-            # Indicate whether this node has been created explicitly from a mapping,
+        # Force this placement to be output
-            # or simply just to create a path to the explicitly created node.
+        self.force = force
-            #
-            # For example,
-            #
-            # lib.a
-            #       obj:sym (scheme)
-            #
-            # Nodes for lib.a and obj will be created, but only the node for
-            # sym will have been created explicitly.
-            #
-            # This is used in deciding whether or not an output command should
-            # be emitted for this node, or for exclusion rule generation.
-            self.explicit = explicit
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name, sections):
+        # This placement was created from a mapping
+        # fragment entry.
+        self.explicit = explicit
+
+        # Find basis placement. A basis placement is a placement
+        # on the parent (or parent's parent and so on and so forth)
+        # that operates on the same section as this one.
+        parent = node.parent
+        candidate = None
+        while parent:
+            try:
+                candidate = parent.placements[sections]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
+            if candidate and candidate.is_significant():
+                break
+            else:
+                parent = parent.parent
+
+        self.basis = candidate
+
+        if self.is_significant() and not dryrun and self.basis:
+            self.basis.add_exclusion(self)
+
+    def is_significant(self):
+        # Check if the placement is significant. Significant placements
+        # are the end of a basis chain (not self.basis) or a change
+        # in target (self.target != self.basis.target)
+        #
+        # Placement can also be a basis if it has flags
+        # (self.flags) or its basis has flags (self.basis.flags)
+        return (not self.basis or
+                self.target != self.basis.target or
+                (self.flags and not self.basis.flags) or
+                (not self.flags and self.basis.flags) or
+                self.force)
+
+    def force_significant(self):
+        if not self.is_significant():
+            self.force = True
+            if self.basis:
+                self.basis.add_exclusion(self)
+
+    def add_exclusion(self, exclusion):
+        self.exclusions.add(exclusion)
+
+    def add_subplacement(self, subplacement):
+        self.subplacements.add(subplacement)
+
+
+class EntityNode():
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, name):
         self.children = []
         self.parent = parent
         self.name = name
-        self.child_node = None
+        self.child_t = EntityNode
         self.entity = None
-
+        self.placements = dict()
-        self.sections = dict()
-
-        # A node inherits the section -> target entries from
-        # its parent. This is to simplify logic, avoiding
-        # going up the parental chain to try a 'basis' rule
-        # in creating exclusions. This relies on the fact that
-        # the mappings must be inserted from least to most specific.
-        # This sort is done in generate_rules().
-        if sections:
-            for (s, v) in sections.items():
-                self.sections[s] = RuleNode.Section(v.target, [], [])
-
-    def add_exclusion(self, sections, exclusion):
-        self.sections[sections].exclusions.add(exclusion)
-
-        # Recursively create exclusions in parents
-        if self.parent:
-            self.exclude_from_parent(sections)
-
-    def add_sections(self, sections, target):
-        try:
-            _sections = self.sections[sections]
-            if not _sections.explicit:
-                _sections.target = target
-                _sections.explicit = True
-            else:
-                if target != _sections.target:
-                    raise GenerationException('Sections mapped to multiple targets')
-        except KeyError:
-            self.sections[sections] = RuleNode.Section(target, [], True)
-
-    def exclude_from_parent(self, sections):
-        self.parent.add_exclusion(sections, self.entity)
 
     def add_child(self, entity):
         child_specificity = self.entity.specificity.value + 1
@@ -99,7 +110,7 @@ class RuleNode():
         assert(len(child) <= 1)
 
         if not child:
-            child = self.child_node(self, name, self.sections)
+            child = self.child_t(self, name)
             self.children.append(child)
         else:
             child = child[0]
@@ -125,151 +136,176 @@ class RuleNode():
 
         return commands
 
-    def add_node_child(self, entity, sections, target, sections_db):
+    def get_node_output_commands(self):
+        commands = collections.defaultdict(list)
+
+        for sections in self.get_output_sections():
+            placement = self.placements[sections]
+            if placement.is_significant():
+                assert(placement.node == self)
+
+                keep = False
+                sort = None
+                surround = []
+
+                placement_flags = placement.flags if placement.flags is not None else []
+
+                for flag in placement_flags:
+                    if isinstance(flag, Mapping.Keep):
+                        keep = True
+                    elif isinstance(flag, Mapping.Sort):
+                        sort = (flag.first, flag.second)
+                    else:  # emit or align
+                        surround.append(flag)
+
+                for flag in surround:
+                    if flag.pre:
+                        if isinstance(flag, Mapping.Emit):
+                            commands[placement.target].append(SymbolAtAddress('_%s_start' % flag.symbol))
+                        else:  # align
+                            commands[placement.target].append(AlignAtAddress(flag.alignment))
+
+                # This is for expanded object node and symbol node placements without checking for
+                # the type.
+                placement_sections = frozenset(placement.sections)
+                command_sections = sections if sections == placement_sections else placement_sections
+
+                command = InputSectionDesc(placement.node.entity, command_sections, [e.node.entity for e in placement.exclusions], keep, sort)
+                commands[placement.target].append(command)
+
+                # Generate commands for intermediate, non-explicit exclusion placements here, so that they can be enclosed by
+                # flags that affect the parent placement.
+                for subplacement in placement.subplacements:
+                    if not subplacement.flags and not subplacement.explicit:
+                        command = InputSectionDesc(subplacement.node.entity, subplacement.sections,
+                                                   [e.node.entity for e in subplacement.exclusions], keep, sort)
+                        commands[placement.target].append(command)
+
+                for flag in surround:
+                    if flag.post:
+                        if isinstance(flag, Mapping.Emit):
+                            commands[placement.target].append(SymbolAtAddress('_%s_end' % flag.symbol))
+                        else:  # align
+                            commands[placement.target].append(AlignAtAddress(flag.alignment))
+
+        return commands
+
+    def self_placement(self, sections, target, flags, explicit=True, force=False):
+        placement = Placement(self, sections, target, flags, explicit, force)
+        self.placements[sections] = placement
+        return placement
+
+    def child_placement(self, entity, sections, target, flags, sections_db):
         child = self.add_child(entity)
-        child.insert(entity, sections, target, sections_db)
+        child.insert(entity, sections, target, flags, sections_db)
 
-    def get_node_output_commands(self):
+    def insert(self, entity, sections, target, flags, sections_db):
-        commands = collections.defaultdict(list)
-
-        for sections in self.get_section_keys():
-            info = self.sections[sections]
-            if info.exclusions or info.explicit:
-                command = InputSectionDesc(self.entity, sections, info.exclusions)
-                commands[info.target].append(command)
-
-        return commands
-
-    def insert(self, entity, sections, target, sections_db):
         if self.entity.specificity == entity.specificity:
-            if self.parent.sections[sections].target != target:
+            # Since specificities match, create the placement in this node.
-                self.add_sections(sections, target)
+            self.self_placement(sections, target, flags)
-                self.exclude_from_parent(sections)
         else:
-            self.add_node_child(entity, sections, target, sections_db)
+            # If not, create a child node and try to create the placement there.
+            self.child_placement(entity, sections, target, flags, sections_db)
 
-    def get_section_keys(self):
+    def get_output_sections(self):
-        return sorted(self.sections.keys(), key=' '.join)
+        return sorted(self.placements.keys(), key=' '.join)
 
 
-class SymbolNode(RuleNode):
+class SymbolNode(EntityNode):
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name, sections):
+    def __init__(self, parent, name):
-        RuleNode.__init__(self, parent, name, sections)
+        EntityNode.__init__(self, parent, name)
-        self.entity = Entity(self.parent.parent.name, self.parent.name, self.name)
+        self.entity = Entity(self.parent.parent.name, self.parent.name)
-
-    def insert(self, entity, sections, target, sections_db):
-        self.add_sections(sections, target)
-
-    def get_node_output_commands(self):
-        commands = collections.defaultdict(list)
-
-        for sections in self.get_section_keys():
-            info = self.sections[sections]
-            if info.explicit:
-                command = InputSectionDesc(Entity(self.parent.parent.name, self.parent.name), sections, [])
-                commands[info.target].append(command)
-
-        return commands
 
 
-class ObjectNode(RuleNode):
+class ObjectNode(EntityNode):
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name, sections):
+    def __init__(self, parent, name):
-        RuleNode.__init__(self, parent, name, sections)
+        EntityNode.__init__(self, parent, name)
-        self.child_node = SymbolNode
+        self.child_t = SymbolNode
-        self.expanded_sections = dict()
         self.entity = Entity(self.parent.name, self.name)
+        self.subplacements = list()
 
-    def add_node_child(self, entity, sections, target, sections_db):
+    def child_placement(self, entity, sections, target, flags, sections_db):
-        if self.sections[sections].target != target:
+        child = self.add_child(entity)
-            symbol = entity.symbol
+        sym_placement = Placement(child, sections, target, flags, True, dryrun=True)
-            match_sections = None
-
-            obj_sections = sections_db.get_sections(self.parent.name, self.name)
 
+        # The basis placement for sym_placement can either be
+        # an existing placement on this node, or nonexistent.
+        if sym_placement.is_significant():
             try:
-                match_sections = self.expanded_sections[sections]
+                obj_sections = self.placements[sections].sections
             except KeyError:
-                match_sections = []
+                obj_sections = None
+
+            if not obj_sections or obj_sections == sections:
+                # Expand this section for the first time
+                found_sections = sections_db.get_sections(self.parent.name, self.name)
+                obj_sections = []
                 for s in sections:
-                    match_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(obj_sections, s))
+                    obj_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(found_sections, s))
 
-            if match_sections:
+            if obj_sections:
+                symbol = entity.symbol
                 remove_sections = [s.replace('.*', '.%s' % symbol) for s in sections if '.*' in s]
-                filtered_sections = [s for s in match_sections if s not in remove_sections]
+                filtered_sections = [s for s in obj_sections if s not in remove_sections]
 
-                if set(filtered_sections) != set(match_sections):  # some sections removed
+                if set(filtered_sections) != set(obj_sections):
-                    child = self.add_child(entity)
+                    if sym_placement.basis:
-                    child.insert(entity, frozenset(remove_sections), target, obj_sections)
+                        subplace = False
+                        try:
+                            # If existing placement exists, make sure that
+                            # it is emitted.
+                            obj_placement = self.placements[sections]
+                        except KeyError:
+                            # Create intermediate placement.
+                            obj_placement = self.self_placement(sections, sym_placement.basis.target, None, False)
+                            if obj_placement.basis.flags:
+                                subplace = True
 
-                    # Remember the result for node command generation
+                        if subplace:
-                    self.expanded_sections[sections] = filtered_sections
+                            obj_placement.basis.add_subplacement(obj_placement)
-                    self.exclude_from_parent(sections)
+                            self.subplacements.append(sections)
+                        else:
+                            obj_placement.force_significant()
 
-    def get_node_output_commands(self):
+                        obj_placement.sections = filtered_sections
-        commands = collections.defaultdict(list)
+                        sym_placement.basis = obj_placement
 
-        for sections in self.get_section_keys():
+                    sym_placement.sections = remove_sections
-            info = self.sections[sections]
+                    child.placements[sections] = sym_placement
 
-            try:
+    def get_output_sections(self):
-                match_sections = self.expanded_sections[sections]
+        output_sections = [key for key in self.placements if key not in self.subplacements]
-            except KeyError:
+        return sorted(output_sections, key=' '.join)
-                match_sections = []
-
-            if match_sections or info.explicit:
-                command_sections = match_sections if match_sections else sections
-                command = InputSectionDesc(self.entity, command_sections, [])
-                commands[info.target].append(command)
-
-        return commands
-
-    def exclude_from_parent(self, sections):
-        # Check if there is an explicit emmission for the parent node, which is an archive node.
-        # If there is, make the exclusion there. If not, make the exclusion on the root node.
-        # This is to avoid emitting unecessary command and exclusions for the archive node and
-        # from the root node, respectively.
-        if self.parent.sections[sections].explicit:
-            self.parent.add_exclusion(sections, self.entity)
-        else:
-            self.parent.parent.add_exclusion(sections, self.entity)
 
 
-class ArchiveNode(RuleNode):
+class ArchiveNode(EntityNode):
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name, sections):
+    def __init__(self, parent, name):
-        RuleNode.__init__(self, parent, name, sections)
+        EntityNode.__init__(self, parent, name)
-        self.child_node = ObjectNode
+        self.child_t = ObjectNode
         self.entity = Entity(self.name)
 
 
-class RootNode(RuleNode):
+class RootNode(EntityNode):
     def __init__(self):
-        RuleNode.__init__(self, None, Entity.ALL, None)
+        EntityNode.__init__(self, None, Entity.ALL)
-        self.child_node = ArchiveNode
+        self.child_t = ArchiveNode
         self.entity = Entity('*')
 
-    def insert(self, entity, sections, target, sections_db):
-        if self.entity.specificity == entity.specificity:
-            self.add_sections(sections, target)
-        else:
-            self.add_node_child(entity, sections, target, sections_db)
-
 
 class Generation:
     """
-    Implements generation of placement rules based on collected sections, scheme and mapping fragment.
+    Implements generation of placement based on collected sections, scheme and mapping fragment.
     """
 
-    DEFAULT_SCHEME = 'default'
-
     # Processed mapping, scheme and section entries
-    EntityMapping = namedtuple('EntityMapping', 'entity sections_group target')
+    EntityMapping = namedtuple('EntityMapping', 'entity sections_group target flags')
 
     def __init__(self, check_mappings=False, check_mapping_exceptions=None):
         self.schemes = {}
-        self.sections = {}
+        self.placements = {}
         self.mappings = {}
 
         self.check_mappings = check_mappings
@@ -279,7 +315,7 @@ class Generation:
         else:
             self.check_mapping_exceptions = []
 
-    def _build_scheme_dictionary(self):
+    def _prepare_scheme_dictionary(self):
         scheme_dictionary = collections.defaultdict(dict)
 
         # Collect sections into buckets based on target name
@@ -292,7 +328,7 @@ class Generation:
                 sections_in_bucket = sections_bucket[target_name]
 
                 try:
-                    sections = self.sections[sections_name]
+                    sections = self.placements[sections_name]
                 except KeyError:
                     message = GenerationException.UNDEFINED_REFERENCE + " to sections '" + sections_name + "'."
                     raise GenerationException(message, scheme)
@@ -324,12 +360,13 @@ class Generation:
 
         return scheme_dictionary
 
-    def get_section_strs(self, section):
+    def _prepare_entity_mappings(self, scheme_dictionary, entities):
-        s_list = [Sections.get_section_data_from_entry(s) for s in section.entries]
+        # Prepare entity mappings processed from mapping fragment entries.
-        return frozenset([item for sublist in s_list for item in sublist])
+        def get_section_strs(section):
+            s_list = [Sections.get_section_data_from_entry(s) for s in section.entries]
+            return frozenset([item for sublist in s_list for item in sublist])
 
-    def _generate_entity_mappings(self, scheme_dictionary, entities):
+        entity_mappings = dict()
-        entity_mappings = []
 
         for mapping in self.mappings.values():
             archive = mapping.archive
@@ -345,45 +382,77 @@ class Generation:
                         message = "'%s' not found" % str(entity)
                         raise GenerationException(message, mapping)
 
-                # Create placement rule for each 'section -> target' in the scheme.
+                if (obj, symbol, scheme_name) in mapping.flags.keys():
-                #
+                    flags = mapping.flags[(obj, symbol, scheme_name)]
-                # For example. for the mapping entry:
+                    # Check if all section->target defined in the current
-                #
+                    # scheme.
-                # obj (scheme)
+                    for (s, t, f) in flags:
-                #
+                        if (t not in scheme_dictionary[scheme_name].keys() or
-                # The enumrated to:
+                                s not in [_s.name for _s in scheme_dictionary[scheme_name][t]]):
-                #
+
-                # obj (section1 -> target1)
+                            message = "%s->%s not defined in scheme '%s'" % (s, t, scheme_name)
-                # obj (section2 -> target2)
+                            raise GenerationException(message, mapping)
-                # ...
+                else:
+                    flags = None
+
+                # Create placement for each 'section -> target' in the scheme.
                 for (target, sections) in scheme_dictionary[scheme_name].items():
                     for section in sections:
-                        entity_mappings.append(Generation.EntityMapping(entity, self.get_section_strs(section), target))
+                        # Find the applicable flags
+                        _flags = []
 
-        return entity_mappings
+                        if flags:
+                            for (s, t, f) in flags:
+                                if (s, t) == (section.name, target):
+                                    _flags.extend(f)
 
-    def generate_rules(self, entities):
+                        sections_str = get_section_strs(section)
-        scheme_dictionary = self._build_scheme_dictionary()
 
-        entity_mappings = self._generate_entity_mappings(scheme_dictionary, entities)
+                        key = (entity, section.name)
 
-        entity_mappings.sort(key=lambda m: m.entity)
+                        try:
+                            existing = entity_mappings[key]
+                        except KeyError:
+                            existing = None
 
-        # Create root nodes dictionary for the default scheme, whose
+                        if not existing:
-        # key is the target name and value is a list of the root nodes for that target.
+                            entity_mappings[key] = Generation.EntityMapping(entity, sections_str, target, _flags)
+                        else:
+                            # Check for conflicts.
+                            if (target != existing.target):
+                                raise GenerationException('Sections mapped to multiple targets.', mapping)
+
+                            # Combine flags here if applicable, to simplify
+                            # insertion logic.
+                            if (_flags or existing.flags):
+                                if ((_flags and not existing.flags) or (not _flags and existing.flags)):
+                                    _flags.extend(existing.flags)
+                                    entity_mappings[key] = Generation.EntityMapping(entity,
+                                                                                    sections_str,
+                                                                                    target, _flags)
+                                elif (_flags == existing.flags):
+                                    pass
+                                else:
+                                    raise GenerationException('Conflicting flags specified.', mapping)
+
+        # Sort the mappings by specificity, so as to simplify
+        # insertion logic.
+        res = list(entity_mappings.values())
+        res.sort(key=lambda m: m.entity)
+        return res
+
+    def generate(self, entities):
+        scheme_dictionary = self._prepare_scheme_dictionary()
+        entity_mappings = self._prepare_entity_mappings(scheme_dictionary, entities)
         root_node = RootNode()
-        for (target, sections) in scheme_dictionary['default'].items():
-            for section in sections:
-                root_node.insert(Entity(), self.get_section_strs(section), target, entities)
-
         for mapping in entity_mappings:
-            (entity, sections, target) = mapping
+            (entity, sections, target, flags) = mapping
             try:
-                root_node.insert(entity, sections, target, entities)
+                root_node.insert(entity, sections, target, flags, entities)
             except ValueError as e:
                 raise GenerationException(str(e))
 
-        # Traverse the tree, creating the rules
+        # Traverse the tree, creating the placements
         commands = root_node.get_output_commands()
 
         return commands
@@ -398,7 +467,7 @@ class Generation:
                 if isinstance(fragment, Scheme):
                     dict_to_append_to = self.schemes
                 elif isinstance(fragment, Sections):
-                    dict_to_append_to = self.sections
+                    dict_to_append_to = self.placements
                 else:
                     dict_to_append_to = self.mappings
 

tools/ldgen/ldgen.py

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def main():
                 raise LdGenFailure('failed to parse %s\n%s' % (fragment_file.name, str(e)))
             generation_model.add_fragments_from_file(fragment_file)
 
-        mapping_rules = generation_model.generate_rules(sections_infos)
+        mapping_rules = generation_model.generate(sections_infos)
 
         script_model = LinkerScript(input_file)
         script_model.fill(mapping_rules)

tools/ldgen/output_commands.py

@@ -17,9 +17,35 @@
 from entity import Entity
 
 
+class AlignAtAddress():
+
+    def __init__(self, alignment):
+        self.alignment = alignment
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('. = ALIGN(%d);' % self.alignment)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, AlignAtAddress) and
+                self.alignment == other.alignment)
+
+
+class SymbolAtAddress():
+
+    def __init__(self, symbol):
+        self.symbol = symbol
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('%s = ABSOLUTE(.);' % self.symbol)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, SymbolAtAddress) and
+                self.symbol == other.symbol)
+
+
 class InputSectionDesc():
 
-    def __init__(self, entity, sections, exclusions=None):
+    def __init__(self, entity, sections, exclusions=None, keep=False, sort=None):
         assert(entity.specificity != Entity.Specificity.SYMBOL)
 
         self.entity = entity
@@ -34,7 +60,12 @@ class InputSectionDesc():
         else:
             self.exclusions = set()
 
+        self.keep = keep
+        self.sort = sort
+
     def __str__(self):
+        sections_string = '( )'
+
         if self.sections:
             exclusion_strings = []
 
@@ -57,22 +88,48 @@ class InputSectionDesc():
                 for section in sorted(self.sections):
                     section_strings.append(section)
 
-            sections_string = '(%s)' % ' '.join(section_strings)
+            if self.sort:
-        else:
+                if self.sort == (None, None):
-            sections_string = '( )'
+                    pattern = 'SORT(%s)'
+                elif self.sort == ('name', None):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_NAME(%s)'
+                elif self.sort == ('alignment', None):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(%s)'
+                elif self.sort == ('init_priority', None):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(%s)'
+                elif self.sort == ('name', 'alignment'):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(%s))'
+                elif self.sort == ('alignment', 'name'):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_NAME(%s))'
+                elif self.sort == ('name', 'name'):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_NAME(%s))'
+                elif self.sort == ('alignment', 'alignment'):
+                    pattern = 'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(%s))'
+                else:
+                    raise Exception('Invalid sort arguments')
 
-        command = None
+                section_strings = [(pattern % s) for s in section_strings]
+
+            sections_string = '(%s)' % ' '.join(section_strings)
 
         if self.entity.specificity == Entity.Specificity.NONE:
-            command = '*%s' % (sections_string)
+            entry = '*%s' % (sections_string)
         elif self.entity.specificity == Entity.Specificity.ARCHIVE:
-            command = '*%s:%s' % (self.entity.archive, sections_string)
+            entry = '*%s:%s' % (self.entity.archive, sections_string)
         else:
-            command = '*%s:%s.*%s' % (self.entity.archive, self.entity.obj, sections_string)
+            entry = '*%s:%s.*%s' % (self.entity.archive, self.entity.obj, sections_string)
 
-        return command
+        if self.keep:
+            res = 'KEEP(%s)' % entry
+        else:
+            res = entry
+
+        return res
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        return (self.entity == other.entity and
+        return (isinstance(other, InputSectionDesc) and
+                self.entity == other.entity and
                 self.sections == other.sections and
-                self.exclusions == other.exclusions)
+                self.exclusions == other.exclusions and
+                self.keep == other.keep and
+                self.sort == other.sort)

tools/ldgen/test/data/base.lf

@@ -82,3 +82,8 @@ entries:
 [scheme:noflash_data]
 entries:
     rodata -> dram0_data
+
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)

tools/ldgen/test/test_fragments.py

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ from io import StringIO
 from pyparsing import ParseException, ParseFatalException, Word, alphanums
 
 try:
-    from fragments import FRAGMENT_TYPES, Fragment, FragmentFile, KeyGrammar
+    from fragments import FRAGMENT_TYPES, Fragment, FragmentFile, KeyGrammar, Mapping
     from sdkconfig import SDKConfig
 except ImportError:
     sys.path.append('../')
-    from fragments import FRAGMENT_TYPES, Fragment, FragmentFile, KeyGrammar
+    from fragments import FRAGMENT_TYPES, Fragment, FragmentFile, KeyGrammar, Mapping
     from sdkconfig import SDKConfig
 
 
@@ -811,6 +811,208 @@ entries:
         with self.assertRaises(ParseException):
             FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
 
+    def test_keep_flag(self):
+        # Test parsing combinations and orders of flags
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text keep,
+        rodata->flash_rodata keep keep
+""")
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Keep()]),
+                    ('rodata', 'flash_rodata', [Mapping.Keep(), Mapping.Keep()])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_align_flag(self):
+        # Test parsing combinations and orders of flags
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text align(8),
+        rodata->flash_rodata align(8, pre),
+        data->dram0_data align(8, pre, post),
+        bss->dram0_bss align(8, post),
+        common->dram0_bss align(8, pre, post) align(8)
+""")
+
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Align(8, True, False)]),
+                    ('rodata', 'flash_rodata', [Mapping.Align(8, True, False)]),
+                    ('data', 'dram0_data', [Mapping.Align(8, True, True)]),
+                    ('bss', 'dram0_bss', [Mapping.Align(8, False, True)]),
+                    ('common', 'dram0_bss', [Mapping.Align(8, True, True), Mapping.Align(8, True, False)])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+        # Wrong post, pre order
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (noflash)
+        text->iram0_text align(8, post, pre)
+""")
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ParseFatalException):
+            FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+
+    def test_sort_flag(self):
+        # Test parsing combinations and orders of flags
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text sort(name),
+        rodata->flash_rodata sort(alignment),
+        data->dram0_data sort(init_priority),
+        bss->dram0_bss sort(name, alignment),
+        common->dram0_bss sort(alignment, name),
+        iram->iram0_text sort(name, name),
+        dram->dram0_data sort(alignment, alignment)
+""")
+
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Sort('name')]),
+                    ('rodata', 'flash_rodata', [Mapping.Sort('alignment')]),
+                    ('data', 'dram0_data', [Mapping.Sort('init_priority')]),
+                    ('bss', 'dram0_bss', [Mapping.Sort('name', 'alignment')]),
+                    ('common', 'dram0_bss', [Mapping.Sort('alignment', 'name')]),
+                    ('iram', 'iram0_text', [Mapping.Sort('name', 'name')]),
+                    ('dram', 'dram0_data', [Mapping.Sort('alignment', 'alignment')])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default)
+        text->iram0_text sort(name) sort(alignment)
+""")
+
+    def test_emit_flag(self):
+        # Test parsing combinations and orders of flags
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1),
+        rodata->flash_rodata emit(sym2, pre),
+        data->dram0_data emit(sym3, post),
+        bss->dram0_bss emit(sym4, pre, post),
+        common->dram0_bss emit(sym5, pre, post) emit(sym6)
+""")
+
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True)]),
+                    ('rodata', 'flash_rodata', [Mapping.Emit('sym2', True, False)]),
+                    ('data', 'dram0_data', [Mapping.Emit('sym3', False, True)]),
+                    ('bss', 'dram0_bss', [Mapping.Emit('sym4', True, True)]),
+                    ('common', 'dram0_bss', [Mapping.Emit('sym5', True, True), Mapping.Emit('sym6', True, True)])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flag_order(self):
+        # Test that the order in which the flags are specified is retained
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text align(4) keep emit(sym1) align(8) sort(name),
+        rodata->flash_rodata keep align(4) keep emit(sym1) align(8) align(4) sort(name)
+""")
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                            Mapping.Keep(),
+                                            Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True),
+                                            Mapping.Align(8, True, False),
+                                            Mapping.Sort('name')]),
+                    ('rodata', 'flash_rodata', [Mapping.Keep(),
+                                                Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                                Mapping.Keep(),
+                                                Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True),
+                                                Mapping.Align(8, True, False),
+                                                Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                                Mapping.Sort('name')])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_entries_multiple_flags(self):
+        # Not an error, generation step handles this, since
+        # it that step has a more complete information
+        # about all mappings.
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text align(4) keep emit(sym1) sort(name),
+        text->flash_text align(4) keep emit(sym1) sort(name)
+""")
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                            Mapping.Keep(),
+                                            Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True),
+                                            Mapping.Sort('name')]),
+                    ('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                            Mapping.Keep(),
+                                            Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True),
+                                            Mapping.Sort('name')])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_entries_multiple_flags_and_entries(self):
+        # Not an error, generation step handles this, since
+        # it that step has a more complete information
+        # about all mappings. This can happen across multiple
+        # mapping fragments.
+        test_fragment = self.create_fragment_file(u"""
+[mapping:map]
+archive: libmain.a
+entries:
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text align(4) keep emit(sym1) sort(name)
+    obj1 (default);
+        text->flash_text align(4) keep emit(sym1) sort(name)
+""")
+        fragment_file = FragmentFile(test_fragment, self.sdkconfig)
+        fragment = fragment_file.fragments[0]
+
+        expected = [('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                            Mapping.Keep(),
+                                            Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True),
+                                            Mapping.Sort('name')]),
+                    ('text', 'flash_text', [Mapping.Align(4, True, False),
+                                            Mapping.Keep(),
+                                            Mapping.Emit('sym1', True, True),
+                                            Mapping.Sort('name')])]
+        actual = fragment.flags[('obj1', None, 'default')]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
 
 class DeprecatedMappingTest(FragmentTest):
 

tools/ldgen/test/test_generation.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from io import StringIO
 from entity import Entity, EntityDB
 from fragments import FragmentFile
 from linker_script import LinkerScript
-from output_commands import InputSectionDesc
+from output_commands import AlignAtAddress, InputSectionDesc, SymbolAtAddress
 from sdkconfig import SDKConfig
 
 ROOT = Entity('*')
@@ -120,29 +120,30 @@ class GenerationTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(set(expected.keys()), set(actual.keys()))
 
         for target in sorted(actual.keys()):
+            message = 'failed target %s' % target
             a_cmds = actual[target]
             e_cmds = expected[target]
 
-            self.assertEqual(len(a_cmds), len(e_cmds))
+            self.assertEqual(len(a_cmds), len(e_cmds), message)
 
             for a, e in zip(a_cmds, e_cmds):
-                self.assertEqual(a, e)
+                self.assertEqual(a, e, message)
 
     def get_default(self, target, rules):
         return rules[target][0]
 
+
+class DefaultMappingTest(GenerationTest):
+
     def test_rule_generation_default(self):
         # Checks that default rules are generated from
         # the default scheme properly and even if no mappings
         # are defined.
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
 
-
-class DefaultMappingTest(GenerationTest):
-
     def test_default_mapping_lib(self):
         # Mapping a library with default mapping. This should not emit additional rules,
         # other than the default ones.
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ entries:
     * (noflash)                     #1
 """
         self.add_fragments(alt if alt else mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(alt if alt else mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ entries:
     croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (noflash)         #1
 """
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -443,7 +444,7 @@ entries:
     croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (default)         #2
 """
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -606,7 +607,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -634,6 +635,40 @@ entries:
 
         self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
 
+    def test_root_mapping_fragment(self):
+        # Test creation of a mapping fragment that maps '*'.
+        # This should generate another default command in iram0_text:
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   * (.custom_section)                                  A
+        #   * (.iram .iram.*)
+        mapping = u"""
+[sections:custom_section]
+entries:
+    .custom_section
+
+[scheme:custom_scheme]
+entries:
+    custom_section -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default2]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (custom_scheme)                                           #1
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        # Generate default command                              A
+        # Since these are the same 'specificity', the commands
+        # are arranged alphabetically.
+        expected['iram0_text'].append(expected['iram0_text'][0])
+        expected['iram0_text'][0] = InputSectionDesc(ROOT, ['.custom_section'], [])
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
 
 class AdvancedTest(GenerationTest):
 
@@ -671,7 +706,7 @@ entries:
     croutine (noflash_data)                         #2
 """
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -725,7 +760,7 @@ entries:
     croutine (noflash_data)                         #2
 """
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -764,7 +799,7 @@ entries:
         self.add_fragments(alt if alt else mapping)
 
         with self.assertRaises(GenerationException):
-            self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+            self.generation.generate(self.entities)
 
     def test_complex_mapping_case(self, alt=None):
         # Test a complex case where an object is mapped using
@@ -818,7 +853,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(alt if alt else mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -907,7 +942,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -1004,7 +1039,7 @@ entries:
 """
 
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -1046,7 +1081,7 @@ entries:
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
 
         with self.assertRaises(GenerationException):
-            self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+            self.generation.generate(self.entities)
 
     def test_disambiguated_obj(self):
         # Test command generation for disambiguated entry. Should produce similar
@@ -1059,7 +1094,7 @@ entries:
 """
         port = Entity('libfreertos.a', 'port.c')
         self.add_fragments(mapping)
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         flash_text = expected['flash_text']
@@ -1085,6 +1120,60 @@ entries:
 
         self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
 
+    def test_root_mapping_fragment_conflict(self):
+        # Test that root mapping fragments are also checked for
+        # conflicts.
+        #
+        # 'custom_scheme' entries conflict the 'default' scheme
+        # entries.
+        mapping = u"""
+[scheme:custom_scheme]
+entries:
+    flash_text -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default2]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (custom_scheme)
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+        with self.assertRaises(GenerationException):
+            self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+
+    def test_root_mapping_fragment_duplicate(self):
+        # Same root mappings have no effect.
+        #
+        # custom_scheme has the 'iram -> iram0_text' in common with
+        # default scheme
+        mapping = u"""
+[sections:custom_section]
+entries:
+    .custom_section
+
+[scheme:custom_scheme]
+entries:
+    iram -> iram0_text
+    custom_section -> iram0_text
+
+[mapping:default2]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (custom_scheme)
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        # Generate default command                              A
+        # Since these are the same 'specificity', the commands
+        # are arranged alphabetically.
+        expected['iram0_text'].append(expected['iram0_text'][0])
+        expected['iram0_text'][0] = InputSectionDesc(ROOT, ['.custom_section'], [])
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
 
 class ConfigTest(GenerationTest):
     # Test command generation with conditions
@@ -1119,7 +1208,7 @@ entries:
         self.add_fragments(scheme)
         self.add_fragments(alt if alt else mapping)
 
-        actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
         expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
         if perf >= 1:
@@ -1145,6 +1234,11 @@ entries:
         # Test that proper commands are generated
         # in conditional mapping entries.
         mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)
+
 [mapping:test]
 archive: lib.a
 entries:
@@ -1165,7 +1259,7 @@ entries:
             self.generation.mappings = {}
             self.add_fragments(alt if alt else mapping)
 
-            actual = self.generation.generate_rules(self.entities)
+            actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
             expected = self.generate_default_rules()
 
             if perf_level < 4 and perf_level > 0:
@@ -1208,6 +1302,11 @@ entries:
     def test_conditional_entries_legacy_mapping_fragment(self):
         # Test conditional entries on legacy mapping fragment grammar.
         mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)
+
 [mapping]
 archive: lib.a
 entries:
@@ -1228,6 +1327,11 @@ entries:
         # Test conditional entries on legacy mapping fragment grammar
         # across multiple fragments.
         mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)
+
 [mapping]
 archive: lib.a
 entries:
@@ -1257,6 +1361,11 @@ entries:
         # Test conditional entries on new mapping fragment grammar.
         # across multiple fragments.
         mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default)
+
 [mapping:base]
 archive: lib.a
 entries:
@@ -1282,5 +1391,442 @@ entries:
         self.test_conditional_mapping(mapping)
 
 
+class FlagTest(GenerationTest):
+
+    # Test correct generation of mapping fragment entries
+    # with flags.
+
+    def test_flags_basics(self):
+        # Test that input section commands additions are done (keep, sort).
+        # Test that order dependent commands are properly generated (align, emit)
+        # Normally, if an entry has the same mapping as parent, commands.
+        #   are not emitted for them. However, if there are flags, they should be -
+        #   only for the scheme entries that have flags, though.
+        # Flag entries split across multiple entries work.
+        #
+        # flash_text
+        #   *((EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:timers libfreertos:croutine).text ...)          A
+        #   KEEP(* (SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:timers).text) ...)            B
+        #
+        # flash_rodata
+        #   *((EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:timers) .rodata ...)                            C
+        #   _sym2_start                                                                D.1
+        #   . = ALIGN(4)                                                                E.1
+        #   KEEP(* (EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:timers) .rodata ...)                       F
+        #   _sym2_end                                                                  D.2
+        #   . = ALIGN(4)                                                                E.2
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   *(.iram .iram.*)
+        #   . = ALIGN(4)                                                                G.1
+        #   _sym1_start                                                                H.1
+        #   libfreertos.a:croutine(.text .literal ...)                                  I
+        #   . = ALIGN(4)                                                                G.2
+        #   _sym1_end                                                                  H.2
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:test]
+archive: libfreertos.a
+entries:
+    croutine (noflash_text);
+        text->iram0_text align(4, pre, post) emit(sym1, pre, post)                      #1
+    timers (default);
+        text->flash_text keep sort(name)                                                #2
+    timers (default);
+        rodata->flash_rodata emit(sym2, pre, post) align(4, pre, post)                  #3
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        iram0_text = expected['iram0_text']
+        flash_rodata = expected['flash_rodata']
+
+        # Exclusions in flash_text for timers and croutine                      A
+        flash_text[0].exclusions.add(CROUTINE)
+        flash_text[0].exclusions.add(TIMERS)
+
+        # Command for #3                                                        B
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(TIMERS, flash_text[0].sections, [], keep=True, sort=('name', None)))
+
+        # Exclusions in flash_rodata for timers                                 C
+        flash_rodata[0].exclusions.add(TIMERS)
+
+        # Commands for #3                                                       D.1, E.1, F, D.2, E.2
+        flash_rodata.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym2_start'))
+        flash_rodata.append(AlignAtAddress(4))
+        flash_rodata.append(InputSectionDesc(TIMERS, flash_rodata[0].sections, []))
+        flash_rodata.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym2_end'))
+        flash_rodata.append(AlignAtAddress(4))
+
+        # Commands for #                                                        G.1, H.1, I, G.2, H.2
+        iram0_text.append(AlignAtAddress(4))
+        iram0_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_start'))
+        iram0_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, flash_text[0].sections, []))
+        iram0_text.append(AlignAtAddress(4))
+        iram0_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_end'))
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_intermediate_exclusion_command_root(self):
+        # Test that intermediate exclusion commands from root-level commands
+        # are included in the flags.
+        #
+        # flash_text
+        #   _sym1_start                                                                A.1
+        #   KEEP(* (EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:croutine).text ...)                        B
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a:croutine(...)))                                          C
+        #   _sym1_end                                                                  A.2
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   *(.iram .iram.*)
+        #   libfreertos.a:croutine(.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList ...)                  D
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    # 1
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1) keep                            #2
+
+[mapping:test]
+archive: libfreertos.a
+entries:
+    croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (noflash_text)                #3
+"""
+
+        self.generation.mappings = {}
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        iram0_text = expected['iram0_text']
+
+        # Command for #2, pre                                          A.1
+        flash_text.insert(0, SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_start'))
+
+        # Command for #1 with keep                                     B
+        # and exclusion for #3
+        flash_text[1].keep = True
+        flash_text[1].exclusions.add(CROUTINE)
+
+        # Implicit exclusion command for #3                            C
+        croutine_sections = self.entities.get_sections('libfreertos.a', 'croutine')
+        filtered_sections = fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.literal.*')
+        filtered_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.text.*'))
+
+        filtered_sections = [s for s in filtered_sections if not s.endswith('prvCheckPendingReadyList')]
+        filtered_sections.append('.text')
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(filtered_sections), [], keep=True))
+
+        # Command for #2, post                                         A.2
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_end'))
+
+        # Command for #3                                               D
+        iram0_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(['.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList', '.literal.prvCheckPendingReadyList']), []))
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_intermediate_exclusion_command_lib(self):
+        # Test that intermediate exclusion commands from lib-level commands
+        # are included in the flags.
+        #
+        # flash_text
+        #   *(EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos.a).text  ...)
+        #   _sym1_start                                                                A.1
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a(EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:croutine).text.* ...))          B
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a:croutine(...)))                                          C
+        #   _sym1_end                                                                  A.2
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   *(.iram .iram.*)
+        #   libfreertos.a:croutine(.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList ...)                  D
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:test]
+archive: libfreertos.a
+entries:
+    # 1
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1) keep                            #2
+    croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (noflash_text)                #3
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        iram0_text = expected['iram0_text']
+
+        # Command for #2, pre                                          A.1
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_start'))
+        flash_text[0].exclusions.add(FREERTOS)
+
+        # Command for #1 with keep                                     B
+        # and exclusion for #3
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(FREERTOS, flash_text[0].sections, [CROUTINE], keep=True))
+
+        # Implicit exclusion command for #3                            C
+        croutine_sections = self.entities.get_sections('libfreertos.a', 'croutine')
+        filtered_sections = fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.literal.*')
+        filtered_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.text.*'))
+
+        filtered_sections = [s for s in filtered_sections if not s.endswith('prvCheckPendingReadyList')]
+        filtered_sections.append('.text')
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(filtered_sections), [], keep=True))
+
+        # Command for #2, post                                         A.2
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_end'))
+
+        # Command for #3                                               C
+        iram0_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(['.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList', '.literal.prvCheckPendingReadyList']), []))
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_intermediate_exclusion_command_obj(self):
+        # Test that intermediate exclusion commands from obj-level commands
+        # are included in the flags.
+        #
+        # flash_text
+        #   *(EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos.a).text  ...)
+        #   _sym1_start                                                                A.1
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a:croutine(...)))                                          B
+        #   _sym1_end                                                                  A.2
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   *(.iram .iram.*)
+        #   libfreertos.a:croutine(.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList ...)                  C
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:test]
+archive: libfreertos.a
+entries:
+    # 1
+    croutine (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1) keep                            #2
+    croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (noflash_text)                #3
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        iram0_text = expected['iram0_text']
+
+        # Command for #2, pre                                          A.1
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_start'))
+        flash_text[0].exclusions.add(CROUTINE)
+
+        # Implicit exclusion command for #3                            B
+        croutine_sections = self.entities.get_sections('libfreertos.a', 'croutine')
+        filtered_sections = fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.literal.*')
+        filtered_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.text.*'))
+
+        filtered_sections = [s for s in filtered_sections if not s.endswith('prvCheckPendingReadyList')]
+        filtered_sections.append('.text')
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(filtered_sections), [], keep=True))
+
+        # Command for #2, post                                         A.2
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_end'))
+
+        # Command for #3                                               C
+        iram0_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(['.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList', '.literal.prvCheckPendingReadyList']), []))
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_separate_exclusion_command_if_explicit_root(self):
+        # Explicit commands are separated from the parent's flags.
+        #
+        # flash_text
+        #   _sym1_start                                                                A.1
+        #   KEEP(* (EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:croutine).text ...)                        B
+        #   _sym1_end                                                                  A.2
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a:croutine(...)))                                          C
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   *(.iram .iram.*)
+        #   libfreertos.a:croutine(.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList ...)                  D
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    # 1
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1) keep                            #2
+
+[mapping:test]
+archive: libfreertos.a
+entries:
+    croutine (default)                                              #3
+    croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (noflash_text)                #4
+"""
+
+        self.generation.mappings = {}
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        iram0_text = expected['iram0_text']
+
+        # Command for #2, pre                                          A.1
+        flash_text.insert(0, SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_start'))
+
+        # Command for #1 with keep                                     B
+        # and exclusion for #3
+        flash_text[1].keep = True
+        flash_text[1].exclusions.add(CROUTINE)
+
+        # Command for #2, post                                         A.2
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_end'))
+
+        # Command for #3                                               C
+        croutine_sections = self.entities.get_sections('libfreertos.a', 'croutine')
+        filtered_sections = fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.literal.*')
+        filtered_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.text.*'))
+
+        filtered_sections = [s for s in filtered_sections if not s.endswith('prvCheckPendingReadyList')]
+        filtered_sections.append('.text')
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(filtered_sections), []))
+
+        # Command for #4                                               D
+        iram0_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(['.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList', '.literal.prvCheckPendingReadyList']), []))
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_separate_exclusion_command_if_explicit_lib(self):
+        # Explicit commands are separated from the parent's flags.
+        #
+        # flash_text
+        #   *(EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos.a).text  ...)
+        #   _sym1_start                                                                A.1
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a(EXCLUDE_FILE(libfreertos:croutine).text.* ...))          B
+        #   _sym1_end                                                                  A.2
+        #   KEEP(libfreertos.a:croutine(...)))                                          C
+        #
+        # iram0_text
+        #   *(.iram .iram.*)
+        #   libfreertos.a:croutine(.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList ...)                  D
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:test]
+archive: libfreertos.a
+entries:
+    # 1
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1) keep
+    croutine (default)                                              #2
+    croutine:prvCheckPendingReadyList (noflash_text)                #3
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        iram0_text = expected['iram0_text']
+
+        # Command for #2, pre                                          A.1
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_start'))
+        flash_text[0].exclusions.add(FREERTOS)
+
+        # Command for #1 with keep                                     B
+        # and exclusion for #3
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(FREERTOS, flash_text[0].sections, [CROUTINE], keep=True))
+
+        # Command for #2, post                                         A.2
+        flash_text.append(SymbolAtAddress('_sym1_end'))
+
+        # Implicit exclusion command for #3                            C
+        croutine_sections = self.entities.get_sections('libfreertos.a', 'croutine')
+        filtered_sections = fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.literal.*')
+        filtered_sections.extend(fnmatch.filter(croutine_sections, '.text.*'))
+
+        filtered_sections = [s for s in filtered_sections if not s.endswith('prvCheckPendingReadyList')]
+        filtered_sections.append('.text')
+        flash_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(filtered_sections), []))
+
+        # Command for #3                                               C
+        iram0_text.append(InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, set(['.text.prvCheckPendingReadyList', '.literal.prvCheckPendingReadyList']), []))
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flag_additions(self):
+        # Test ability to add flags as long as no other mapping fragments
+        # does the same thing.
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default_add_flag]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text keep
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        flash_text[0].keep = True
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_flag_additions_duplicate(self):
+        # Test same flags added to same entity - these
+        # are ignored.
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default_add_flag_1]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text keep
+
+[mapping:default_add_flag_2]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text keep
+"""
+
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        actual = self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+        expected = self.generate_default_rules()
+
+        flash_text = expected['flash_text']
+        flash_text[0].keep = True
+
+        self.compare_rules(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_flags_flag_additions_conflict(self):
+        # Test condition where multiple fragments specifies flags
+        # to same entity - should generate exception.
+        mapping = u"""
+[mapping:default_add_flag_1]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text align(2)
+
+[mapping:default_add_flag_2]
+archive: *
+entries:
+    * (default);
+        text->flash_text emit(sym1)
+"""
+        self.add_fragments(mapping)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(GenerationException):
+            self.generation.generate(self.entities)
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tools/ldgen/test/test_output_commands.py

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ import sys
 import unittest
 
 try:
-    from output_commands import InputSectionDesc
+    from output_commands import AlignAtAddress, InputSectionDesc, SymbolAtAddress
 except ImportError:
     sys.path.append('../')
-    from output_commands import InputSectionDesc
+    from output_commands import InputSectionDesc, SymbolAtAddress, AlignAtAddress
 
 from entity import Entity
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ CROUTINE = Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine')
 
 class InputSectionDescTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_output_00(self):
+    def test_catch_all_placement(self):
         # Test default (catch-all) command
         expected = '*(.literal .literal.* .text .text.*)'
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class InputSectionDescTest(unittest.TestCase):
         desc = InputSectionDesc(Entity(Entity.ALL), SECTIONS)
         self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
 
-    def test_output_01(self):
+    def test_lib_placement(self):
         # Test library placement command
         expected = '*libfreertos.a:(.literal .literal.* .text .text.*)'
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class InputSectionDescTest(unittest.TestCase):
         desc = InputSectionDesc(Entity('libfreertos.a', Entity.ALL, Entity.ALL), SECTIONS)
         self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
 
-    def test_output_02(self):
+    def test_obj_placement(self):
         # Test object placement command
         expected = '*libfreertos.a:croutine.*(.literal .literal.* .text .text.*)'
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class InputSectionDescTest(unittest.TestCase):
         desc = InputSectionDesc(Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c'), SECTIONS)
         self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
 
-    def test_output_03(self):
+    def test_invalid_entity(self):
         # Invalid entity specification
         with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
             InputSectionDesc(Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine', 'prvCheckPendingReadyList'), SECTIONS)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class InputSectionDescTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
             InputSectionDesc(Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine'), SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine', 'prvCheckPendingReadyList')])
 
-    def test_output_04(self):
+    def test_exclusions(self):
         # Test exclusions
 
         # Library
@@ -129,13 +129,114 @@ class InputSectionDescTest(unittest.TestCase):
         desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')])
         self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
 
-    def test_output_05(self):
+    def test_empty_sections(self):
         # Test empty sections
         expected = '*libfreertos.a:croutine.*( )'
 
         desc = InputSectionDesc(Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine'), [])
         self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
 
+    def test_keep(self):
+        # Test keep
+        expected = 'KEEP(*libfreertos.a:croutine.*( ))'
+
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine'), [], keep=True)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+    def test_sort(self):
+        # Test sort
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal) '
+                    'SORT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*) '
+                    'SORT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text) '
+                    'SORT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*)'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=(None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*)'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('name', None))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*)'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('alignment', None))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal) '
+                    'SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*) '
+                    'SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text) '
+                    'SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*)'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('init_priority', None))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*))'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('name', 'alignment'))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_NAME(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*))'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('name', 'name'))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_NAME(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*))'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('alignment', 'name'))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+        expected = ('*libfreertos.a:croutine.*('
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .literal.*)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text)) '
+                    'SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(EXCLUDE_FILE(*libfreertos.a:croutine.c.*) .text.*))'
+                    ')')
+        desc = InputSectionDesc(CROUTINE, SECTIONS, [Entity('libfreertos.a', 'croutine.c')], keep=False, sort=('alignment', 'alignment'))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+
+class SymbolAtAddressTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_symbol(self):
+        symbol = 'test_symbol'
+        expected = '%s = ABSOLUTE(.);' % symbol
+
+        desc = SymbolAtAddress(symbol)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
+
+class AlignAtAddressTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_align(self):
+        align = 8
+        expected = '. = ALIGN(%d);' % 8
+
+        desc = AlignAtAddress(align)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, str(desc))
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()